Restoring Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) as a Common Heritage for Global Peace: A Call for Reflection

By Ghulam Rasool Dehlvi, New Age Islam 19 May 2025 This article encourages Jews, Muslims and Christians to engage deeply with the history, jurisprudence, and politics related to Bayt al-Maqdis. It believes that informed and thoughtful engagement is crucial for addressing the complexities surrounding this sacred site. Main Points: 1. Main Points: 1. Jerusalem—known as Bayt al-Maqdis in Islam, Al-Quds in Arabic, and Jerusalem in Hebrew—is a city of profound religious significance for Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Its sacred sites and historical events are deeply intertwined with the beliefs and practices of all three Abrahamic faiths, making it a unique and revered city in the world. 2. Sri Lankan Sufi mystic Bawa Muhaiyaddeen viewed Jerusalem as a symbol of peace, noting that its name is etymologically derived from "Salām," meaning peace. He lamented that the city, intended as a place of unity, has become a battlefield due to conflicts among its inhabitants. 3. Maulana Ammar Khan Nasir, a renowned Islamic scholar, has extensively studied the religious and political dimensions of Jerusalem. His work highlights the city's significance in Islam, particularly the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam. He advocates for a nuanced understanding that transcends religious and political divides, promoting dialogue and peaceful coexistence among Muslims, Jews, and Christians. 4. Beyond theological discussions, Maulana Nasir addresses the political dimensions of the conflict over Bayt al-Maqdis. He advocates for a nuanced understanding that transcends religious and political divides, promoting dialogue and peaceful coexistence among Muslims, Jews, and Christians. ------- Bayt al-Maqdis, also known as Al-Quds in Arabic and Jerusalem in Hebrew, holds profound religious and spiritual significance for Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike. Each of these Abrahamic faiths venerates this city due to its deep-rooted connections to their sacred histories and beliefs. It stands as a city of profound religious importance for Muslims, Jews, and Christians, as its sacred sites and historical events are deeply intertwined with the beliefs and practices of all these faiths, making it a unique and revered city in the world. The Israel-Palestine conflict is often portrayed as a religious war between Muslims and Jews. While religion plays a significant role, the roots of the conflict are deeply political, territorial, and historical. While understanding these dimensions is crucial for a comprehensive perspective, an inter-religious theology revolving around the peace and harmony well-embedded in the history and sanctity of Jerusalem is long overdue. Jerusalem stands as a profound symbol of spiritual unity and shared history equally for Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Its significance transcends religious boundaries, representing a common heritage that, if embraced collectively, could pave the way for lasting peace not just in the region but over the world. Given the deep existing conflict between Muslims and Jews in the Israel-Palestine conflict which has resulted into the genocide of non-combatant civilians including children and women. Restoring Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) as a common heritage is essential for the restoration of global peace. I have written elsewhere how a revered Sri Lankan Sufi mystic, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen emphasized the profound spiritual significance of Jerusalem and its potential as a beacon of Jewish-Christo-Muslim peace and harmony. In his writings, he highlighted that the name "Jerusalem" is etymologically derived from "Salām," meaning peace, underscoring the city's intrinsic connection to tranquillity and unity. He observed that Jerusalem is a sacred city for Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike and noted that "God accepts Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. All are found in Jerusalem. Yet, those who have faith in God as well as those who have no faith continue to fight over that land, even though it only results in destruction." He further reflected on the historical pattern of conflicts over Jerusalem, stating, "Jerusalem today demonstrates the proof of how places of worship to which everyone should be able to go in unity are turned into battlefields." A Call for Reflection for Peace In a letter dated February 1980, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen addressed global leaders, urging them to reflect on the futility of ongoing conflicts and the importance of unity. He questioned the purpose of fighting and conquering lands, emphasizing that no conqueror lives forever and that the continuous warfare only leads to destruction. He implored, "We must analyze what has happened in the past and find a way to bring peace to Jerusalem." In fact, such spiritual reflections on Jerusalem serve as a timeless reminder of the holy city's potential to unite humanity in the pursuit of peace, urging individuals and leaders alike to reflect on their roles in achieving this noble goal. This requires a collective effort to transcend religious and ideological divisions, embracing the shared spiritual heritage of Jerusalem to foster a culture of peace and understanding. In this spirit, let us take a look at how and why Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) is accorded paramount significance in the Jewish-Christo-Muslim perspectives: Muslims revere Jerusalem for its association with the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam, and its role in the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascension (Isra and Mi'raj). Jews hold the city sacred due to the historical presence of the First and Second Temples, with the Western Wall being a central place of prayer and reflection. Christians venerate Jerusalem as the site of Jesus Christ's crucifixion and resurrection, with the Church of the Holy Sepulchre marking these pivotal events. Thus, these shared religious landmarks underscore Jerusalem's role as a focal point of faith and devotion for all three Abrahamic religions. Beyond its religious importance, Jerusalem is a living testament to cultural and historical convergence. The city's architecture, traditions, and daily life reflect a tapestry woven from centuries of diverse influences. UNESCO recognizes the Old City of Jerusalem as a World Heritage Site, emphasizing its universal value to humanity. Islamic Perspective Located in Jerusalem, Al-Aqsa Mosque is the third holiest site in Islam. It is mentioned in the Qur'an as a blessed place: "Glorified is He who took His servant by night from Al-Masjid al-Haram to Al-Masjid al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed..." Surah Al-Isra (Chapter 17). Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was transported from Mecca to Jerusalem during the Night Journey, and from there, he ascended to the heavens. Before the direction of prayer was changed to Mecca, Muslims faced Jerusalem during their prayers. It is believed that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) led all previous prophets in prayer at Al-Aqsa Mosque, symbolizing the unity of all Abrahamic faiths. Jewish Perspective The Temple Mount in Jerusalem is considered the holiest site in Judaism. It is believed to be the location of the First and Second Temples, central to Jewish worship and history. Jewish tradition also holds that the “Foundation Stone”, located on the Temple Mount, is the site from which the world was created. Many Jews believe that the Third Temple will be built on the Temple Mount when the Messiah comes. Christian Perspective For Christians, Jerusalem is central to the life of Jesus Christ, including his crucifixion and resurrection. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is believed to be the site of these events. Various locations in Jerusalem are significant in Christian tradition, such as the Via Dolorosa, the path Jesus walked to his crucifixion. Furthermore, Jerusalem has been a major pilgrimage destination for Christians for centuries, symbolizing their faith's roots and history. Initiatives for Peaceful Coexistence Various efforts have been made to promote peace and mutual respect among Jerusalem's diverse communities: Neve Shalom/Wahat al-Salam: A cooperative village in Israel founded by Jewish and Arab citizens, dedicated to demonstrating that peaceful coexistence is possible. Tolerance Monument: An outdoor sculpture in Jerusalem symbolizing the city's commitment to peace and tolerance among its inhabitants. Interfaith Dialogue: Programs and initiatives aimed at fostering understanding and cooperation among the city's religious communities. However, recognizing Jerusalem as a shared heritage requires a commitment to its preservation and equitable access for all. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has historically held a custodial role over Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, a responsibility affirmed in international agreements. Pathways to Peace To restore Jerusalem as a common heritage for peace, the following steps are essential: International Recognition: Affirming Jerusalem's status as a city open to all faiths, with protections for its religious sites. Inclusive Governance: Establishing mechanisms that ensure all communities have a voice in the city's administration. Cultural Exchange: Promoting programs that celebrate Jerusalem's diverse heritage and foster mutual respect. Conflict Resolution: Engaging in dialogue and negotiations to address the political and territorial disputes surrounding the city. Jerusalem's potential as a beacon of peace lies in its recognition as a shared heritage, transcending religious and political divides. By embracing this vision, the city can fulfil its role as a symbol of interfaith unity and hope for the world. Maulana Ammar Khan Nasir, a renowned Islamic scholar and researcher, has extensively studied the religious and political dimensions of Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis), particularly in the context of Islamic jurisprudence and interfaith relations. His notable work, Masjid Aqsa ki Tareekh aur Haqq-e-Tawalliyat (The History of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Right of Custodianship), delves into the historical, theological, and political aspects of this sacred site. In his research, Maulana Nasir emphasizes that Bayt al-Maqdis holds profound significance in Islam, being the site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the third holiest site in Islam after Mecca and Medina. He traces its historical importance, noting that it was the first Qibla (direction of prayer) for Muslims before the Qibla was changed to Mecca. The Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey (Isra and Mi'raj) also commenced from this sacred place. Beyond theological discussions, Maulana Nasir addresses the political dimensions of the conflict over Bayt al-Maqdis. He advocates for a nuanced understanding that transcends religious and political divides, promoting dialogue and peaceful coexistence among Muslims, Jews, and Christians. His work suggests that the conflict is not solely religious but is deeply intertwined with historical grievances and political struggles. His analysis is rooted in the Hanafi school of thought, reflecting his scholarly background. For those interested in a comprehensive understanding of Maulana Nasir's perspectives on Bayt al-Maqdis, his Urdu book Masjid Aqsa ki Tareekh aur Haqq-e-Tawalliyat is crucial. It provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of religion, history, and politics concerning Bayt al-Maqdis and encourages a balanced and informed approach to understanding and addressing the issues surrounding this sacred site. ----- A Regular Columnist with Newageislam.com, Ghulam Rasool Dehlvi is an Indo-Islamic scholar, Sufi poet and English-Arabic-Urdu-Hindi writer with a background in a leading Sufi Islamic seminary in India. He is currently serving as Head of International Affairs at Voice for Peace & Justice, Jammu & Kashmir. 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