Understanding the Mercy in Differences: Analysing the Meaning of a Controversial Hadith ‘Differing among my Ummah is a Mercy’

By Kaniz Fatma, New Age Islam 18 September 2024 It Is Crucial For Muslims To Understand The Distinction Between Usuli And Furui Differences And Prioritize Unity Over Division. By Focusing On What Unites Us Rather Than What Divides, We Can Work Towards A Stronger, More Cohesive Ummah Guided By Principles Of Mercy, Compassion, And Understanding.   ------- The diversity within the Muslim Ummah, often viewed as a source of division, is intriguingly described in a hadith that posits these differences as a form of mercy. This perspective challenges conventional notions of unity and discord among various sects and schools of thought. However, the authenticity of this hadith has been contested, notably by Imam Mulla Ali Qari, who deemed it weak. If accepted as authentic, understanding its implications necessitates a distinction between two types of differences: Usuli [fundamental] differences, which pertain to core beliefs among sects like Sunni and Shia, and Furui [derivative] differences related to jurisprudential practices among the four major Imams. This essay will critically analyse the authenticity and meaning of the hadith, exploring its relevance to contemporary Islamic discourse. To evaluate the authenticity of the hadith that suggests differences within the Muslim Ummah are a source of mercy, it is essential to first understand the nature of these differences. Usuli or Eteqaadi differences refer to fundamental beliefs that define various sects within Islam, such as Sunni, Shia (Rafizi), Mu'tazilites, Qadarites, Jabarites, Wahhabi, and Deobandi. Each of these sects possesses distinct theological frameworks that shape their understanding of key concepts like Allah Almighty, His Attributes, status of Prophethood, and the afterlife. For instance, the Sunni-Shia divide is rooted in historical events surrounding leadership succession after the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) death, leading to divergent interpretations of authority and legitimacy. Scholars like Esposito (2011) highlight how these foundational differences have historically influenced political and social dynamics within the Muslim world. The implications of Usuli differences extend beyond mere theological discourse; they also affect communal identity and inter-sect relations. Conversely, Furui differences pertain to practical aspects of Islamic jurisprudence, exemplified by the varying methodologies of the four major Imams: Shafi'i, Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali. These schools of thought offer diverse approaches to legal rulings based on their interpretations of the Quran and Hadith. In Islam, the importance of unity and brotherhood is emphasized time and time again. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said in a hadith, "The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion, and sympathy are like one body. When any part of the body suffers, the whole body feels pain." This hadith clearly illustrates the significance of unity among believers and the necessity of working together for the greater good of the ummah. One of the key aspects of fostering unity within the ummah is based on the concept of Usuli and Furui differences. Usuli differences refer to differences in matters of belief and creed, while Furui differences refer to differences in matters of fiqh (jurisprudence) and practice. It is important to note that while Usuli differences are disliked and discouraged in Islam, Furui differences are actually encouraged and seen as a mercy from Allah. Usuli differences, such as disagreements on foundational beliefs like the oneness of Allah or the prophethood of Muhammad, can lead to division and disunity among believers. Such differences are not to be taken lightly, as they can undermine the very core of the faith. It is for this reason that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) advised his companions to adhere to the Quran and his Sunnah and to avoid deviating from the right path. On the other hand, Furui differences, such as variations in prayer methods or dietary restrictions, are a natural part of the diverse nature of the ummah. These differences allow for flexibility and accommodation within the religion, catering to the needs and circumstances of different individuals and communities. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) himself demonstrated tolerance towards Furui differences, as long as they did not compromise the fundamental principles of Islam. It is imperative for Muslims to understand the distinction between Usuli and Furui differences and to prioritize unity over division. By focusing on what unites us rather than what divides us, we can work towards a stronger, more cohesive Ummah that is guided by the principles of mercy, compassion, and understanding. As graduate-level students of Islam, it is our duty to educate ourselves on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and to strive towards embodying the spirit of unity and brotherhood in our interactions with others. In conclusion, while Usuli differences may pose a threat to the unity of the Ummah, Furui differences should be embraced as a means of fostering diversity and tolerance within the community. Let us heed the words of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and strive towards building a more inclusive and harmonious Ummah, guided by the principles of compassion and mercy. ----- Kaniz Fatma is a classic Islamic scholar and a regular columnist for New Age Islam. URL: https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-society/mercy-differences-controversial-hadith-ummah-mercy/d/133224 New Age Islam, Islam Online, Islamic Website, African Muslim News, Arab World News, South Asia News, Indian Muslim News, World Muslim News, Women in Islam, Islamic Feminism, Arab Women, Women In Arab, Islamophobia in America, Muslim Women in West, Islam Women and Feminism