Ceremonies are being held in Mumbai (Bombay) to mark the first anniversary of a series of devastating attacks on the Indian city by militants.
Police have paraded in the city, a memorial has been inaugurated and a candle-lit prayer service held.
The attacks, which began on 26 November 2008 and lasted nearly three days, left 174 people dead, including nine gunmen.
The only surviving attacker, Pakistani Mohammad Ajmal Qasab, is currently on trial in India.
On Wednesday, a court in Pakistan charged seven people in connection with the attacks, including alleged mastermind Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi - head of the banned militant group Lashkar-e-Taiba.
The Mumbai gunmen staged co-ordinated attacks at a number of sites, including the CST railway station, two luxury hotels and the Nariman House Jewish community centre.
Security forces criticised
On Thursday, a candle-lit prayer service was held at the Gateway of India monument, near the Taj Mahal Hotel.
Indian Home Minister P Chidambaram unveiled a new memorial, which he dedicated to the memories of "those who laid down their lives to save Mumbai... and the idea of India as a secular, plural, tolerant, democratic republic".
A police band played as several officers and the families of their dead colleagues gathered around, reports the BBC's Prachi Pinglay in the city.
Earlier on Thursday, Mumbai's policemen and commandos marched in a parade and displayed the force's newly acquired equipment, including amphibious patrol boats and "rapid intervention" vehicles.
The equipment has been purchased under a $26m (£16m) modernisation plan to strengthen resources.
The security forces were criticised for their handling of the attacks, and have been using the anniversary to demonstrate their improvements - including the launch of an anti-terrorism commando unit.
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