Despotic, Hereditary Khilafat Or Western Democracy: What Political System Is Closer To Islamic Ideals?

By Grace Mubashir, New Age Islam 24 October 2023 According To Quran And Hadeeth, Islam Is Not A Political Ideology. Thus, In Contemporary Conditions Democratic Governments Are The Veritable Embodiments Of Islamic Ideals. Main Points: 1. Quran and Hadeeth don’t provide fixed forms of political system. They demand to follow any system as long as Muslims are safe to practice Islam. 2. Islam specifies Muslims should not revolt against their established governments even if the rulers are unjust and despotic. This is why brutal and despotic Khalifas continued to rule Muslim countries throughout Islamic history. 3. Islam allows complete freedom of expression, so peaceful protests would be part of the norm, but not violence and revolt. 4. Despotic Khalifas in Islamic history did not allow freedom of expression, though this was against Islamic norms. They do not allow that even today, as in Saudi Arabia or Gulf Emirates or Afghanistan under Taliban. Even Iran, which is a Mullahcracy in the name of democracy doesn't allow any kind of freedom, while calling itself an Islamic country. So Muslim countries don't have a history of even peaceful protests. 5. Islamists use religious scriptures to argue for Caliphate in order to accumulate political power. 6. Modern Democracy as in the West is the culmination of Islamic ideals of rule by consensus, equality before law, welfare state, caring for the poor and needy, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, gender justice, etc. 7. Had Islam not been taken over by the scions of inveterate enemies of Islam during the time of last of Rashidun Khalifa, Hazrat Ali (AS.), and Muslim ulema and fuqaha not closed the doors of Ijtihad, it is the Muslim world which would have evolved these systems of democratic rule long ago. We would have been the Vishva Gurus for centuries. But now the West has taken the lead, and we should firmly follow them in this respect, while trying to correct the flaws in their systems. 8. Those among us who call for the return of brutal, despotic Khilafat of yore are enemies of Islam and humanity. We must fight them tooth and nail, ideologically, with the help of Quran and Hadith, as well as physically, if need be. ----- The Quran and Hadith do not explicitly lay down specific political frameworks or prescribe fixed forms of governance for Muslims. Instead, they emphasize the overarching principles of justice, peace, and the safety of practicing Islam. This absence of a detailed political blueprint allows flexibility and adaptability for Muslims to operate within various societal structures. According to Quran and Hadeeth, Islam is not a political ideology, hence it does not specify any political system, except saying ‘Amruhum Shura Bainahum’ (42: 38), meaning Muslims should resolve their issues through consultation or consensus. Thus, in contemporary conditions democratic governments are the veritable embodiments of Islamic ideals. Quran teaches ‘Amruhum Shura Bainahum’ demands consultation and choose the best kind of politics for humankind. It’s a clear remark that Quran does not support the Caliphate as is argued by modern Islamists. According to Quran, the political arrangement should be based on consultation; and hence democratic political governments qualify for this character. So democratic government systems is better suited to Islamic teachings rather than despotic, authoritarian and autocratic Islamic Caliphate as demanded by modern Islamists and supported by vested interests. The primary concern highlighted in Islamic scriptures is the ability of Muslims to practice their faith freely and without fear. As long as the basic rights and safety of the Muslim community are ensured, the political system in place is considered acceptable. This stance encourages Muslims to coexist peacefully within diverse political environments, ranging from monarchies to democracies and from autocracies to democratic secular states. The emphasis on the protection of individual rights and religious freedom reflects the Quranic emphasis on justice and equity. Prophet Muhammad's teachings similarly underscore the importance of maintaining a just and fair society, where all individuals, irrespective of their faith, are treated with respect and dignity. This flexibility in political interpretation within Islamic teachings allows for the accommodation of various cultural and social contexts, acknowledging the dynamism and diversity of the societies in which Muslims live. It encourages the integration of Islamic values and principles within existing political systems, promoting a harmonious coexistence that is rooted in mutual respect and understanding. Islam Demands Adherence To Ruling System And Forbids Violent Subversive Activities In Islam, there is a strong emphasis on maintaining social order and stability, even in the presence of unjust and despotic rulers. The teachings encourage Muslims to adhere to established governments and authorities, provided that practicing Islam remains feasible and the fundamental principles of the faith are not compromised. This principle has led to the continuation of despotic rulers in Muslim countries throughout history. The rationale behind this concept lies in the understanding that uprisings and revolts can often lead to chaos, instability, and potential harm to the community. Consequently, maintaining the existing order, flawed as it may be, is considered preferable to the potential anarchy that could result from the overthrow of a ruling authority. The focus is on preventing societal breakdown and preserving the basic functioning of communities. However, this does not imply an endorsement of oppressive or unjust actions by rulers. Instead, it highlights the importance of pursuing non-violent and constructive means to address grievances and bring about positive change. Islamic teachings encourage dialogue, peaceful advocacy, and the pursuit of justice through legal and ethical channels within the framework of the existing governance structures. While the emphasis on obedience to established authorities remains, there is also a parallel emphasis on the promotion of justice and the protection of human rights. The aim is to encourage communities to work towards positive transformation through constructive engagement and advocacy, seeking to uphold justice within the confines of the law and ethical principles. This delicate balance between obedience to authority and the pursuit of justice has been a central theme in the political history of many Muslim nations. It is reported in one Hadeeth in Sahih Muslim: “It is obligatory for you to listen to the ruler and obey him in adversity and prosperity, in pleasure and displeasure, and even when another person is given (rather undue) preference over you.” Again “It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr who said: My friend (i.e., the Holy Prophet) advised me to listen (to the man in position of authority) and obey (him) even if he were a slave maimed (and disabled).” Islam does not support coups and sabotage that might cause chaos. Throughout Islamic history, there have been instances where despotic rulers have continued to hold power, often causing significant harm and suffering. Despite this, Muslim scholars and communities have sought to navigate these challenges by advocating for ethical leadership and advising rulers to adhere to the principles of justice and fairness outlined in Islamic teachings. Islamists Use Religious Scriptures To Argue For Caliphate In Order To Accumulate Political Power Quran and Hadeeth don’t provide any particular political system. They demand to follow any system as long as Muslims are safe to practice Islam. So Islam could be accommodated in any political set-up as long as Muslims are free to pursue their religion. Islam does not specify any particular political system of governance. This is attested by the twin lives of prophet at Makka and Madina. In Makkan life, Muslims had no political power, but Islam thrived there too. So, the political power is not intrinsic to Islam’s survival. Even the concept that Caliphate is compulsory for Muslims arose in the wake of colonialism by regressive pan-Islamist who used religion to restore their hold on power. Islamists use religious scriptures to argue for Caliphate in order to accumulate political power. They use religion to enjoy power and the government they espouse is entirely against Islamic ideals. They don’t allow freedom of expression and peaceful protests for the sake of human rights. The Caliphate, sold by Islamists, is despotic, authoritarian and arrogant theocracy. Islam allows complete freedom of expression, so peaceful protests would be part of the norm, but not violence and revolt. Despotic Khalifas in Islamic history did not allow freedom of expression, though this was against Islamic norms. They do not allow that even today, as in Saudi Arabia. So Muslim countries don't have a history of even peaceful protests. Such a political arrangement is alien to Islam, as Prophet and revered companions allowed to question the rulers including themselves. As Hazrat Umar (R.A) rose to lead prayers one Friday, at the peak of his power, a woman got up and, asked him how come he was wearing a shirt from the piece of cloth distributed the day before to all Muslims, which was too short for a shirt. Hazrat Umar's son then got up to say that as his father's shirt was torn from many places, he gave his piece to him and thus his shirt could be stitched. That was the glory of true Islam. Any ordinary Muslim could question even the integrity and probity of the most powerful Khalifa in Islamic history who conquered almost half the then civilised and known world. Prophet himself took all decisions in consultation with people. He gave all freedom to non-Muslims to live according to their ideologies. These Quranic and prophetic teachings are spurned by modern advocates of Caliphate. Western secular democratic system is the modern-day embodiment of Islamic ideals for governance. Modern Democracy as in the West is the culmination of Islamic ideals of rule by consensus, equality before law, welfare state, caring for the poor and needy, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, gender justice, etc. In practice, it may be flawed in many instances, nevertheless, several elements inherent in modern democratic systems align with the values and teachings of Islam, reflecting a shared emphasis on ethical governance and the well-being of society. 1. Rule by Consensus: The Islamic concept of Shura, or consultation, emphasizes the importance of mutual decision-making and consensus-building within the community. Similarly, modern democratic practices often prioritise the involvement of citizens in decision-making processes, reflecting a similar emphasis on collective participation and representation. 2. Equality Before Law: Islam advocates equal treatment of all individuals before the law, irrespective of their social or economic status. This principle aligns with the democratic ideal of equal rights and protections under the law, fostering a system where all individuals are subject to the same legal standards and safeguards. 3. Welfare State and Social Justice: Islamic teachings underscore the importance of caring for the less privileged and ensuring the welfare of society as a whole. Modern democratic societies often incorporate welfare state policies, aiming to provide social safety nets, healthcare, and education, reflecting a commitment to social justice and the well-being of all citizens. 4. Freedom of Expression and Religion: Islam promotes the importance of freedom of expression and the right to practice one's religion. Similarly, modern democracies uphold the principles of free speech and freedom of religion, recognizing the significance of individual liberties and the right to express diverse viewpoints and beliefs. 5. Gender Justice: Islamic teachings emphasize gender equity and justice, advocating for the rights and dignities of women within society. Many modern democratic societies similarly strive to uphold gender equality and promote the empowerment of women, reflecting a shared commitment to ensuring equal opportunities and rights for all genders. While modern democratic systems are not directly rooted in Islamic principles, they often echo core values and ideals that resonate with Islamic teachings. This intersection highlights the potential for shared goals of justice, equality, and collective well-being across different cultural and historical contexts. By recognizing these parallels, societies can work towards the development of governance systems that prioritize the welfare and rights of all individuals, irrespective of their backgrounds or beliefs. For Indian Muslims, Indian Secular Democracy Is The Only Legitimate System Of Governance We should not forget the fact that there is also an attempt to establish a nation and become a king under the guise of a caliphate. No Muslim has been told that Islam should take over foreign lands and make them a Muslim nation; Even the Caliph of Islam has not been given such an instruction by the religion. At the same time, peaceful Da'wat (preaching) should be done in every country. It should be in a peaceful manner. Islam does not argue that Da’wa and Iqamatuddin (religious activity) can only be done through the institution of the state. It's politics not taught by Islam. While Islamic politics is very clear, those clamouring for a religious state from India can be called the enemies of Islam and the nation. The constitution gives freedom to every citizen to embrace and propagate Islam and live according to religion. Despite some malignant anti-democratic voices, calling for genocide of Muslims, amplified 24/7 by the powerful mass media, the government has not yet formally taken away such values from the Constitution. So, according to Islamic theology, Muslims have to accept and follow the dictates of the government, no matter how repugnant in their eyes. This is what Islamic theology as well as history teaches us, as shown above. Muslims can under no circumstances play any role in destabilising an established system of governance. No wonder, Muslim scholars and the general public have always accepted India's secular, democratic politics. There is no instance in Islamic history of attempts to dethrone a ruler even by treachery. Islamic scholars would never support it. It should also be remembered that Muslims were far ahead in power at that time. Powerful Army chiefs and Navy chiefs were often Muslims. Yet they did not attempt to destabilise even a despotic caliphate. Conclusion The Caliphate ideas being sold by Islamists are not true Islam. This concept is motivated by vested interests to capture power using religion. Modern Democracy as in the West is the culmination of Islamic ideals of rule by consensus, equality before law, welfare state, caring for the poor and needy, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, gender justice, etc. Had Islam not been taken over by the scions of inveterate enemies of Islam during the time of last of Khalifa Rashidin, Hazrat Ali (AS.), and Muslim ulema and Fuqaha not closed the doors of Ijtihad, it is the Muslim world which would have evolved these systems of democratic rule long ago. We would have been the Vishwa Gurus for centuries. But now the West has taken the lead, and we should firmly follow them in this respect, despite the many flaws in their practice. Those among us who call for the return of brutal, despotic Khilafat of yore are enemies of Islam and humanity. We must fight them tooth and nail, ideologically, with the help of Quran and Hadith, as well as physically, if need be. ----- A regular columnist for NewAgeIslam.com, Mubashir V.P is a PhD scholar in Islamic Studies at Jamia Millia Islamia and freelance journalist. URL: https://newageislam.com/islam-politics/despotic-hereditary-khilafat-western-democracy-islamic/d/130961 New Age Islam, Islam Online, Islamic Website, African Muslim News, Arab World News, South Asia News, Indian Muslim News, World Muslim News, Women in Islam, Islamic Feminism, Arab Women, Women In Arab, Islamophobia in America, Muslim Women in West, Islam Women and Feminism