Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithali: The Baghdad-Born Saint Who United Hearts Across Faiths in Medieval Haryana

By Adnan Faizi, New Age Islam 25 Sep 2025 Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithali (1489–1573 CE), a luminous descendant of Hazrat Ghaus-e-Azam, journeyed from Baghdad to transform Kaithal into a beacon of interfaith harmony. His dargah remains a living testament to the unifying power of authentic Sufi wisdom. Main Points: 1. Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri born 1489 Baghdad, descendant of Hazrat Shaykh Ghaus-e-Azam. 2. Migrated to India in 1522 CE, settled permanently in Kaithal, Haryana. 3. Hazrat forged legendary friendship with Hazrat Baba Sheetalpuri, exemplifying interfaith harmony. 4. He influenced people of all religions and notable figures, including Akbar’s advisor Shaykh Tayyab (Lala Maidni Mal). 5. Hazrat's shrine continues attracting devotees from all communities, maintained by Hindus. ---- Introduction Among the great Qadri saints who illuminated medieval India, Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithali occupies a distinguished position as both a Murshid of spiritual realisation and a bridge-builder between communities. He was born in Baghdad in 1489 CE into the illustrious family of Hazrat shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani, his life embodied the classical Sufi ideal of divine love transcending human barriers. His friendship with Baba Sheetalpuri, the local Hindu saint, became legendary, whilst his dargah at Bidkyar Lake continues to attract devotees from all faiths. Through his teachings, miracles, and exemplary character, Hazrat Shah Kamal demonstrated that authentic spirituality knows no boundaries, establishing Kaithal as a centre of interfaith harmony that persists to this day. Early Life and Family Background Hazrat Shah Kamalluddin Hasan Qadri Kaithali was born on 26 Ramadan 894 AH (20 August 1489 CE) in Baghdad, Iraq, into the renowned Qadri family that traced its lineage directly to Hazrat (Ghaus-e-Azam) Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani. His father, Hazrat Haji Hafiz Syed Umar, was a distinguished scholar who mastered Tibb (medicine), Hadith, and Fiqh, whilst maintaining the family's spiritual traditions. The Baghdad household where Hazrat grew was steeped in Islamic learning and mystical practice, with family members serving as custodians of the Qadri tradition. His early childhood was marked by extraordinary spiritual inclination; whilst other children played, he remained absorbed in contemplation and prayer. His father recognised these signs and provided him with comprehensive Islamic education, yet Hazrat Shah Kamal displayed greater interest in spiritual matters than formal scholarship. The Quranic verse directing believers to "travel through the earth and see how Allah originated creation" profoundly influenced his young mind, inspiring his later journeys. His ancestry through twelve generations connected him directly to Hazrat Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani, making him a custodian of authentic Qadri teachings and practices. Education and Spiritual Formation Under his father Hazrat Haji Hafiz Syed Umar's guidance, Hazrat Shah Kamal received traditional Islamic education encompassing Quran, Hadith, Fiqh, Arabic literature, and Tibb. However, his heart remained drawn toward mystical contemplation rather than conventional scholarship. His spiritual teacher, Hazrat Shaykh Shah Fuzail Qadri, recognised his exceptional spiritual potential and provided intensive training in Qadri methodology. The Sufi practices included rigorous dhikr, muraqaba (meditation), self-purification, and service to humanity. Hazrat Shah Kamal's education emphasised the integration of outer knowledge (zahiri ilm) with inner realisation (batini ma'rifah), ensuring that his spiritual development remained grounded in Shariah compliance. His teachers noted his remarkable ability to comprehend complex mystical concepts and his natural inclination toward asceticism and devotion. The influence of Quranic verses about travelling the earth to witness Allah's creation inspired his decision to undertake extensive journeys for spiritual purposes. His educational foundation combined rigorous Islamic scholarship with authentic Qadri spiritual methodology, preparing him for his future role as both teacher and guide. The synthesis of learning and spiritual practice in his formative years established the balanced approach that would characterise his later teachings in India. Journey to India and Settlement in Kaithal After receiving a divine indication from his ancestor Hazrat Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani in a dream, where he was told, “Shah Kamal, your mission here has been completed, now you must go to the land where you are needed,” Hazrat arrived in India in 928 Hijri (1522 CE), during the reign of Sher Shah Suri. He first stayed for some time in Multan, imparting religious learning. From there he travelled to Kamaliya, where the Kharal Rajput ruler was deeply influenced by his teachings and spiritual presence. Continuing his journey, he passed through Lahore, Ludhiana, Sirhind, and Samana, before finally reaching Kaithal, where he chose to settle. In Kaithal, his profound spirituality and inclusive approach created an enduring legacy of Hindu-Muslim unity. The choice of Kaithal proved divinely guided, as this ancient city possessed rich spiritual heritage and a population ready to receive his message. Hazrat established his residence near Bidkyar Sarovar (lake), where the natural beauty and peaceful environment provided ideal conditions for spiritual practice and teaching. His arrival coincided with a period of religious tension and forced conversions under certain rulers, making his inclusive approach particularly significant. The local population, both Hindu and Muslim, was initially curious about this foreign saint who spoke with authority yet demonstrated remarkable humility. His settlement marked the beginning of a new chapter in Kaithal's history, as his presence gradually transformed the social and spiritual landscape of the region. Interfaith Relations and Friendship with Hazrat Baba Sheetalpuri The most remarkable aspect of Hazrat Shah Kamal's life was his legendary friendship with Hazrat Baba Sheetalpuri, a revered Hindu saint whose dera (spiritual centre) was located near the Qadri dargah. This extraordinary relationship transcended religious boundaries and became a symbol of true spiritual unity. Both saints recognised each other's authentic spiritual attainment and developed mutual respect that influenced their respective communities. Their friendship was characterised by regular visits, spiritual discussions, and joint efforts to promote harmony between Hindu and Muslim populations. The two saints often exchanged gifts and participated in each other's religious observances, setting an example of interfaith cooperation. Hazrat Baba Sheetalpuri would send offerings to Hazrat Shah Kamal's dargah, whilst the Qadri saint reciprocated with similar gestures of respect. This relationship proved crucial during periods of communal tension, as both saints used their influence to prevent conflicts and promote understanding. Their friendship resulted in a unique tradition where Hindu families began serving at the Qadri dargah. The tradition continues today, with the Gupta family (originally Roshan Lal Gupta's lineage) maintaining the dargah, whilst the current caretaker, Rajnish Shah, though Hindu, manages daily affairs with devotion. This interfaith harmony attracted attention from contemporary rulers and scholars, who recognised the unique achievement of creating genuine unity between communities. Teaching, Disciples, and Spiritual Influence Hazrat Shah Kamal’s teaching methodology combined strict adherence to Shariah with practical mystical guidance, emphasising purification of the heart and moral transformation over mere intellectual learning. His approach attracted seekers from diverse walks of life scholars, merchants, farmers, and even members of noble families. Who found in him a balance between worldly responsibilities and spiritual progress. His spiritual gatherings included dhikr sessions, Qur’anic instruction, and moral guidance, drawing both Muslims seeking deeper faith and Hindus curious about Islamic spirituality. Among his close successors were his two sons, Hazrat Shah Syed Qub-ud-deen Abul Makarim Musa and Hazrat Shah Syed Imad-ud-deen, who inherited elements of his legacy. His distinguished khalifas included his Son and Great son, Hazrat Shaykh Tayyab, Hazrat Malik-ul-Ulama Shaykh Abdul Ahad Farooqi Kabuli, Hazrat Mulook Shah Ghazi, Hazrat Sher Shah Mashhadi, and Hazrat Hafiz Ismail Multani. His circle of notable disciples also comprised Hazrat Shah Shakoor, Hazrat Syed Isa Bukhari, Hazrat Shaykh Noor Jamal, and Jalal-ud-deen Khaggah Multani, who helped spread his message across northern India. Through them, Qadri centres were established in several regions, ensuring the continuity of his teachings. Hazrat Shah Kamal’s unique approach of combining mystical practice with social service gave rise to the Kamaali branch of the Qadri silsila, remembered for its inclusive and transformative character. Miracles and Spiritual Achievements Contemporary accounts preserve numerous karamat (miraculous events) associated with Hazrat Shah Kamal, which reflected not spectacular display but deep moral and social transformation. Wazirs, jagirdars, and nobles often attempted to present him with costly gifts, yet he would consistently refuse them. On one occasion, Sher Shah Suri sent bags of gold coins as an offering, but Hazrat declined, replying in a letter: “I had accepted you as my friend, yet you have sent me that which is not pleasing to Allah.” He was frequently absorbed in mujahida (spiritual striving) and riyazat (disciplined practice), sometimes remaining in states of wajd (ecstatic absorption) for weeks, entirely unaware of the worldly surroundings. During a severe famine in Kaithal, Hazrat instructed a Muslim and a Hindu Brahmin to prepare two large cauldrons of daliya (a simple food of grains). Once cooked, he announced that anyone in need Muslim or Hindu could take from the cauldrons at any time, day or night. People continued to draw food throughout the famine, yet the cauldrons never emptied until the crisis had passed. This tradition endures to the present, when in the month of Sawan, daliya is cooked every Thursday at his shrine, with people of all communities partaking together. These karamat embodied his mission of compassion and inclusivity, directing attention away from worldly wealth or supernatural power and towards divine remembrance, social harmony, and service to humanity. Death, Burial, and Shrine Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithali departed this world on 25 October 1573 CE (28 Jamadi-us-Sani 981 AH) at the age of 84, having spent 51 years in Kaithal spreading spiritual light and promoting interfaith harmony. His death was mourned by both Muslim and Hindu communities, who had benefited from his guidance and exemplary character. Following Islamic traditions, his funeral was conducted with dignity, attended by thousands of devotees from various backgrounds. He was buried at his chosen location near Bidkyar Sarovar, where his spiritual activities had been centred. The tomb, constructed in Pathan architectural style with a distinctive bulbous dome, became an immediate pilgrimage destination. The dargah complex includes the main tomb, mosque, guest accommodation, and facilities for visitors, all maintained according to Islamic traditions whilst remaining accessible to people of all faiths. The shrine's unique character lies in its management by Hindu families, particularly the descendants of Roshan Lal Gupta, who have served as custodians for generations. Current caretaker Rajnish Shah, though Hindu, ensures daily prayers, maintenance of Islamic rituals, and hospitality to Muslim pilgrims. The annual Urs celebration occurs in the last week of March, attracting thousands of devotees who participate in prayers, qawwali sessions, and distribution of langar (community meals). The dargah's atmosphere reflects Hazrat Shah Kamal's inclusive philosophy, where Hindu and Muslim devotees pray side by side, seeking blessings and spiritual guidance. Legacy and Contemporary Relevance Hazrat Shah Kamal Qadri Kaithali's legacy extends far beyond his physical presence, representing a timeless model of spiritual excellence combined with social harmony. His approach to interfaith relations provides valuable lessons for contemporary society, demonstrating that authentic spirituality naturally promotes unity rather than division. The continuing tradition of Hindu custodianship at his dargah serves as a living example of religious tolerance and mutual respect. His teachings, preserved through his disciples and recorded in various sources, continue influencing Sufi thought and practice across the Indian subcontinent. The Qadri Kamaali branch he established maintains his balanced approach of combining mystical practice with social responsibility. Modern scholars studying interfaith relations frequently cite his friendship with Hazrat Baba Sheetalpuri as an exemplary model of religious cooperation. The shrine's reputation for promoting harmony has attracted governmental recognition, with officials from various levels visiting to study its unique character. Educational institutions and peace organisations reference his life as proof that religious differences need not create conflicts when approached with genuine spiritual understanding. His emphasis on practical spirituality over theoretical debates remains relevant in contemporary discussions about religion's role in society. The transformation of Kaithal from a place of potential religious tension to a symbol of harmony demonstrates the practical impact of authentic spiritual leadership. His legacy continues through the thousands of annual pilgrims who visit his shrine seeking blessings, guidance, and inspiration for living peacefully in diverse societies. ---- Adnan Faizi is a Peace and Harmony activist based in Delhi. He is an alumni of CCS University, Meerut. URl: https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/hazrat-qadri-kaithali-baghdad-saint-hearts-faiths-medieval/d/136969 New Age Islam, Islam Online, Islamic Website, African Muslim News, Arab World News, South Asia News, Indian Muslim News, World Muslim News, Women in Islam, Islamic Feminism, Arab Women, Women In Arab, Islamophobia in America, Muslim Women in West, Islam Women and Feminism